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Platform Integrations

Overview

IoT Hub Platform integrations feature was designed for two primary use cases / deployment options:

  • Connect existing NB IoT, LoRaWAN, SigFox and other devices with specific payload formats directly to IoT Hub platform.
  • Stream data from devices connected to existing IoT Platforms to enable real-time interactive dashboards and efficient data processing.

Both use cases have few things in common. There is a server-side component in the deployment topology that prevents direct access to device and provides set of APIs to interact with the device in the field instead. The payload format of the device is not well-defined. Often two devices that have similar sensors have different payload formats depending on a vendor or even software version.

The job of IoT Hub Integration is to provide secure and reliable API bridge between core platform features (telemetry collection, attributes and RPC calls) and specific third-party platform APIs.

How it works?

At the moment IoT Hub supports various integration protocols. Most popular are HTTP, MQTT and OPC-UA. Platform also support integration with specific LoRaWAN Network servers, Sigfox backend, various NB IoT devices using raw UDP and TCP integrations. AWS IoT, IBM Watson and Azure Event Hub allows to subscribe to the data feed from devices via MQTT or AMQP.

The list of platform integrations is constantly growing, however, the general integration concepts are the same and explained below.

Once message arrives from External Platform to IoT Hub it passes validation according to platform specific payload format and security rules. Once message is validated IoT Hub Integration invokes assigned Uplink Data Converter to extract sub-set of meaningful information out of the incoming message. The message is basically transformed from device and platform specific payload to the format that IoT Hub uses.

Since IoT Hub v2.0, Rule Engine is also able to push Downlink messages to the integrations. The example of such message may be:

  • notification about shared attribute (configuration) update;
  • notification about oneway RPC call to trigger some action on the device;
  • any custom message from the rule engine.

The most common use cases are:

  • changing data upload frequency based on shared attribute value change
  • triggering firmware update procedure based on shared attribute value change
  • changing device state based on rpc call;

Once message is pushed by the rule engine, IoT Hub invokes assigned Downlink Data Converter and transforms the rule engine message to the specific data format that is used by the Integration.


Deployment options

IoT Hub Integration has two deployment options: embedded and remote. See details and architecture diagrams below.

Embedded integrations

Embedded integration is running in the main IoT Hub server process. Basically it is part of a monolith deployment scenario.

Pros:

  • simplifies deployment of new integration (just few clicks on IoT Hub UI);
  • minimize latency for message delivery;

Cons:

  • consume resources allocated to main IoT Hub process: network connections, OS threads and CPU cycles;
  • low level of isolation;
  • can’t access local MQTT brokers or OPC-UA servers if IoT Hub is deployed in the cloud.

Remote integrations

Remote integration become available since IoT Hub v2.4.1 and enables new deployment scenario. One can install remote integration in the local network and stream data to the cloud.

Let’s assume you have local MQTT broker or OPC-UA server deployed on-premises. Those brokers and/or servers don’t have dedicated external IP address, so IoT Hub instance in the cloud can’t connect to them directly. However, you can install remote integration close to this server, in the same local network. This integration will connect to the broker/server, pull the data and store it in the local file system. Remote integration will stream the data to the IoT Hub instance deployed in the cloud once the internet connection is available.

Pros:

  • enables integration with servers deployed in the local network;
  • isolates the integration process from main IoT Hub process;

Cons:

  • requires installation of a separate package;

Learn how to configure integration to run remotely using this guide.

Data Converters

Data Converters is a part of the Platform Integrations feature. There are Uplink and Downlink data converters.

The main function of Uplink Data Converter is to parse payload of the incoming message and transform it to format that IoT Hub uses.

Uplink Converter is basically a user defined function with the following signature:

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function Decoder(payload, metadata);
Payload

Payload is one of the following content types: JSON, TEXT, Binary(Base64) and is specific to your Integration type.

Default Uplink Converter is dummy, but contains few helper functions to transform incoming payload:

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function decodeToString(payload) {
   return String.fromCharCode.apply(String, payload);
}

function decodeToJson(payload) {
   // covert payload to string.
   var str = decodeToString(payload);
   // parse string to JSON
   return JSON.parse(str);
}

There are also btoa and atob functions available to decode Binary(Base64) payload.

Metadata

Metadata is a key-value map with some integration specific fields. You can configure additional metadata for each integration in the integration details. For example, you can put device type as an additional Integration metadata parameter and use it to automatically assign corresponding device type to new devices.

Converter output

Converter output should be a valid JSON document with the following structure:

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{
    "deviceName": "Device A",
    "deviceType": "thermostat",
    "customerName": "Company Name",
    "groupName": "Thermostats",
    "attributes": {
        "model": "Model A",
        "serialNumber": "SN-111",
        "integrationName": "Test integration"
    },
    "telemetry": {
        "temperature": 42,
        "humidity": 80
    }
}

NOTE: The only mandatory parameters in the output JSON are deviceName and deviceType. Starting version 2.4.2, IoT Hub also supports assetName and assetType instead of deviceName and deviceType.

NOTE: Starting version 2.4.2, IoT Hub also support optional customerName and groupName. Those parameters will cause IoT Hub to automatically create customer and/or entity group and assign those entities to the customer and/or group.

Converter may also output array of device values and/or contain timestamps in the telemetry values. For example:

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[
    {
        "deviceName":"SN-111",
        "deviceType":"thermostat",
        "attributes":{
            "model":"Model A"
        },
        "telemetry":[
            {
                "ts":1527863043000,
                "values":{
                    "battery":3.99,
                    "temperature":27.05
                }
            },
            {
                "ts":1527863044000,
                "values":{
                    "battery":3.98,
                    "temperature":27.06
                }
            }
        ]
    },
    {
        "assetName":"OF-123",
        "assetType":"office",
        "attributes":{
            "model":"Model A"
        },
        "telemetry":{
            "ts":1527863041000,
            "values":{
                "battery":3.99,
                "temperature":27.05
            }
        }
    }
]
Example

Let’s assume a complex example where payload is encoded in hex “value” field and there is a timestamp associated with each record. First two bytes of “value” field contain battery and second two bytes contain temperature. See payload example and metadata on a screen shoot below:

image

The full source code of javascript function used in converter is available here.

See video tutorial below for step-by-step instruction how to setup Uplink Data Converter.


The main function of Downlink Data Converter is to transform the incoming rule engine message and its metadata to the format that is used by corresponding Integration.

Downlink Converter is basically a user defined function with the following signature:

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function Decoder(msg, metadata, msgType, integrationMetadata);

Where

  • msg - JSON with rule engine msg
  • metadata - list of key-value pairs with additional data about the message (produced by the rule engine)
  • msgType - Rule Engine message type. See predefined message types for more details.
  • integrationMetadata - key-value map with some integration specific fields. You can configure additional metadata for each integration in the integration details.
Converter output

Converter output should be a valid JSON document with the following structure:

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{
    "contentType": "JSON",
    "data": "{\"tempFreq\":60,\"firmwareVersion\":\"1.2.3\"}",
    "metadata": {
        "topic": "temp-sensor/sensorA/upload"
    }
}

Where

  • contentType - JSON, TEXT or BINARY (Base64 string) and is specific to your Integration type.
  • data - data string according to the content type
  • metadata - list of key-value pairs with additional data about the message. For example, topic to use for MQTT integration, etc.
Example

Let’s assume an example where temperature and humidity upload frequency attributes are updated via IoT Hub REST API and you would like to push this update to an external MQTT broker (TTN, Mosquitto, AWS IoT, etc). You may also want to include the “firmwareVersion” attribute value that was configured long time ago and is not present in this particular request. The topic to push the update should contain the device name.

image

The full source code of javascript function used in converter is available here.

In order to invoke the downlink processing by the integration, tenant administrator should configure the rule chain similar to the one below:

image

The full rule chain configuration is available here.

Most of the integrations are able to process downlink messages to devices asynchronously. For example, each message pushed by the rule engine to MQTT based integration is immediately pushed to the corresponding external MQTT broker.

However, some integrations, like SigFox or generic HTTP integration are not able to push message asynchroniously. These integrations, due to the nature of underlying HTTP protocol, are only able to push downlink information synchronously in reply to uplink message request. In this case, the last downlink message originated by rule engine will be stored in the queue until the new uplink message arrives for particular device.

Debug mode

This feature allows to persis:

  • incoming messages from thirdparty system;
  • metadata values;
  • the results of data converter;
  • results of the payload processing.

It enables rapid development of converters and configuration of integrations. This feature allows to validate your configuration setup and should be used only for debug purposes, since it dramatically impacts performance.

Platform Integrations vs IoT Gateway

Experienced IoT Hub users may notice that functionality of Integrations feature partially overlap with functionality of IoT Gateway. However, there are key differences between these two systems/features:

  • IoT Gateway is designed for local network deployments, Integrations are designed for server-to-server integrations.
  • IoT Gateway is designed to support < 1000 devices, while Integrations are designed for high throughput, scalability and cluster deployments as part of IoT Hub server.
  • Gateway recompilation and restart is required to add custom payload decoder while Integration Converter is a JS function that may be modified in real time.

As you can see, both systems are important and applicable in different use cases.

Feature Roadmap

Usage statistics

We plan to log statistics for amount of messages processed by each integration with possible limitations of messages processed on a tenant / system levels.

More integrations and protocols

We plan to provide specific integrations for different platforms, and also for different communication protocols, like gRPC.

More data converters

We plan to collect and maintain data converters for most popular devices on the market to simplify integration path even more. Please note that you can share your converters with community and send them to us to make part of official IoT Hub distributive.

Contact us to suggest missing feature for your use case.

See Also

Explore guides and video tutorials related to specific integrations:

Next steps

  • Getting started guides - These guides provide quick overview of main IoT Hub features. Designed to be completed in 15-30 minutes.